1、 The relationship and difference among semiconductor technology, microelectronics technology and integrated circuit technology
Let's first understand these three technologies from their concepts or definitions. Semiconductor technology is the technology of making components and integrated circuits with semiconductors as materials. In terms of electronic information, the vast majority of electronic components are made of silicon, so the electronic industry is also known as the semiconductor industry. The great application of semiconductor technology is integrated circuits. They are used to play a variety of control functions, just like the brain and nerves in the human body. Microelectronic technology is a I new technology developed with integrated circuits, especially VLSI. It is a high-tech electronic technology based on various semiconductor devices with integrated circuits as the core. It is the sum of various processes and technologies in microelectronics.
Integrated circuit technology is a technology to miniaturize circuits in electronics. By adopting a predetermined process, various electronic components and wiring required in a circuit are interconnected, fabricated on one or several small semiconductor chips or dielectric substrates, and then encapsulated in a tube shell to become a micro structure with the required circuit function. (the above three concepts all come from the network) in this way, the three concepts intersect with each other, but they are also slightly different. According to my freshman who first came into contact with these three terms and knew almost nothing about electronic information, semiconductor technology is the other_ Because semiconductors are the cornerstone of the whole electronic information, whether Microelectronics or integrated circuits, they can be built and developed only with semiconductors as materials. And microelectronic technology, personal feeling is more extensive, and even integrated circuit technology can be included in microelectronic technology. In addition, such as small components, such as nano electronic component manufacturing technology, can be classified as microelectronic technology. The concept of integrated circuit technology is relatively narrow. Only the miniaturization and integration technology of circuits and the manufacturing of small components listed above can not be classified as integrated circuit technology, but can be classified as microelectronic technology. The above is my only opinion on the connection and difference between the three in concept and application. If there is any mistake, please understand.
microelectronics
2、 Detailed introduction to integrated circuit technology
First, let's understand what an integrated circuit is. Integrated circuit is a kind of micro electronic device or component. People use a certain process to interconnect various components and wiring required in a circuit, make them on a small or several small semiconductor chips or dielectric substrates, and then package them in a tube shell to become a micro structure with the required circuit function. All the components have formed a whole in structure, which makes the electronic components take a big step towards miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligence and high reliability. It is represented by the letter "IC" in the circuit. Most of the applications in today's semiconductor industry are silicon-based integrated circuits. Integrated circuit has the advantages of small volume, light weight, less outgoing lines and welding points, long service life, high reliability and good performance. At the same time, it has low cost and is convenient for large-scale production. In short, integrated circuit technology is the technical method of manufacturing integrated circuits. It involves the knowledge of semiconductor device physics, microelectronics, electronics, radio, optics and informatics. From the perspective of industrial division of labor, integrated circuit technology can be divided into integrated circuit processing technology, integrated circuit test and packaging technology and integrated circuit design technology.
1. Integrated circuit processing technology
Integrated circuit processing technology is mainly to generate semiconductor devices (such as FET) and physical interconnection between devices on silicon materials by physical or chemical means. The circuit functions composed of these devices and the interconnection between devices shall meet the system design requirements. The knowledge involved in integrated circuit processing technology includes semiconductor device physics, precision instruments, optics and other fields, which are specifically applied in the process flow, including injection, doping, device model, process deviation model, yield analysis and process process Design, etc. In recent ten years, the level of integrated circuit processing technology has been developing rapidly according to Moore's law.
2. Integrated circuit testing and packaging technology
Integrated circuit testing includes the function and performance of bare silicon after generating circuits meeting functional requirements on silicon substrate Testing and post packaging testing. Integrated circuit packaging refers to the protective measures to isolate the bare chip from the natural environment in order to prevent the degradation of electrical performance caused by the corrosion of chip circuits by impurities in the air, ensure the long-term effective operation of integrated circuit products, and facilitate storage, transportation and installation on PCB. In the industry, testing and packaging are generally referred to as the post process of integrated circuits.
3. Integrated circuit design technology
Integrated circuit design technology is not only a soft technology in integrated circuit technology, but also a technology with high added value. After integrated circuit design, the price of a wafer with specific functions will rise dozens of times or even more than that of bare silicon according to the product functions Hundreds of times. However, in the total cost of integrated circuit products, the cost of integrated circuit design is not a big overhead.
The task of integrated circuit design is to transform the abstract description of system application definition into a circuit structure in line with the working principle of silicon devices, realize and generate data for integrated circuit processing. Integrated circuit design technology realizes a core Transformation: transforming the knowledge of communication, computer and other disciplines into electronic products to improve the quality of human real life through microelectronic technology. If integrated circuit technology promotes the rapid development and prosperity of the whole field of information technology, integrated circuit design technology as the core is the bridge and key to combine modern information technology with microelectronic technology.
